Invited methodological and professional exchange hosted by Professor Mike Thelwall.

On-site visiting-researcher period at the University of Borås hosted by Professor Ola Pilerot; 17 interviews were conducted in Sweden; the Sweden survey count was 106 respondents, forming part of the final three-country online survey of 340 respondents.

On-site visiting-researcher period at OsloMet hosted by Professor Jannica Heinström; 12 interviews were conducted in Norway; the Norway survey count was 116 respondents, forming part of the final three-country online survey of 340 respondents.